Shape-Wilf-equivalences for vincular patterns

preprint2013arXivOpen access

Abstract

We extend the notion of shape-Wilf-equivalence to vincular patterns (also known as "generalized patterns" or "dashed patterns"). First we introduce a stronger equivalence on patterns which we call filling-shape-Wilf-equivalence. When vincular patterns αα and ββ are filling-shape-Wilf-equivalent, we prove that the direct sum α⊕σα\oplusσ is filling-shape-Wilf-equivalent to β⊕σβ\oplusσ. We also discover two new pairs of patterns which are filling-shape-Wilf-equivalent: when αα, ββ, and σσ are nonempty consecutive patterns which are Wilf-equivalent, α⊕σα\oplusσ is filling-shape-Wilf-equivalent to β⊕σβ\oplusσ; and for any consecutive pattern αα, 1⊕α1\oplusα is filling-shape-Wilf-equivalent to 1⊖α1\ominusα. These equivalences generalize Wilf-equivalences found by Elizalde and Kitaev. These new equivalences imply many new Wilf-equivalences for vincular patterns

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