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Shannon Information Entropy in Position Space for Two-Electron Atomic Systems

Entropic measures provide analytic tools to help us understand correlation in quantum systems. In our previous work, we calculated linear entropy and von Neumann entropy as entanglement measures for the ground state and lower lying excited states in helium-like systems. In this work, we adopt another entropic measure, Shannon entropy, to probe the nature of correlation effects. Besides the results of the Shannon entropy in coordinate space for the singlet ground states of helium-like systems including positronium negative ion, hydrogen negative ion, helium atom, and lithium positive ion, we also show results for systems with nucleus charge around the ionization threshold.