Separating a Voronoi Diagram via Local Search

Given a set $\mathsf{P}$ of $n$ points in $\mathbb{R}^d$, we show how to insert a set $\mathsf{X}$ of $O( n^{1-1/d} )$ additional points, such that $\mathsf{P}$ can be broken into two sets $\mathsf{P}_1$ and $\mathsf{P}_2$, of roughly equal size, such that in the Voronoi diagram $\mathcal{V}( \mathsf{P} \cup \mathsf{X} )$, the cells of $\mathsf{P}_1$ do not touch the cells of $\mathsf{P}_2$; that is, $\mathsf{X}$ separates $\mathsf{P}_1$ from $\mathsf{P}_2$ in the Voronoi diagram. Given such a partition $(\mathsf{P}_1,\mathsf{P}_2)$ of $\mathsf{P}$, we present approximation algorithms to compute the minimum size separator realizing this partition. Finally, we present a simple local search algorithm that is a PTAS for geometric hitting set of fat objects (which can also be used to approximate the optimal Voronoi partition).

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