Paper detail

Self-intersection numbers of curves in the doubly-punctured plane

We address the problem of computing bounds for the self-intersection number (the minimum number of self-intersection points) of members of a free homotopy class of curves in the doubly-punctured plane as a function of their combinatorial length L; this is the number of letters required for a minimal description of the class in terms of the standard generators of the fundamental group and their inverses. We prove that the self-intersection number is bounded above by L^2/4 + L/2 - 1, and that when L is even, this bound is sharp; in that case there are exactly four distinct classes attaining that bound. When L is odd, we establish a smaller, conjectured upper bound ((L^2 - 1)/4)) in certain cases; and there we show it is sharp. Furthermore, for the doubly-punctured plane, these self-intersection numbers are bounded below, by L/2 - 1 if L is even, (L - 1)/2 if L is odd; these bounds are sharp.