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Scaling properties of the $Δγ$ correlator and their implication for detection of the chiral magnetic effect in heavy-ion collisions

The scaling properties of the $Δγ$ correlator, inferred from the Anomalous Viscous Fluid Dynamics (AVFD) model, are used to investigate a possible chiral-magnetically-driven (CME) charge separation in $p$+Au, $d$+Au, Ru+Ru, Zr+Zr, and Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt s_{\mathrm{NN}}=200$ GeV, and in $p$+Pb ($\sqrt s_{\mathrm{NN}}=5.02$ TeV) and Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt s_{\mathrm{NN}}=5.02$ and $2.76$ TeV. The results indicate that the values of the quotient $Δγ/v_2$ with the elliptic flow coefficient $v_2$ for $p$+Au, $d$+Au, $p$+Pb, and Pb+Pb collisions, scale as $1/{\rm N_{ch}}$ consistent with background-driven charge separation. By contrast, the $Δγ/v_2$ values for Ru+Ru, Zr+Zr, and Au+Au collisions show scaling violations consistent with the presence of background plus a CME-driven contribution. Quantifying this CME-driven component indicates that in mid-central collisions, the fraction of the measured $Δγ/v_2$ attributable to the CME is approximately 27\% for Au+Au and roughly a factor of two smaller for Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr, which show similar magnitudes.