Sampling of General Correlators in Worm Algorithm-based Simulations

Using the complex $ϕ^4$-model as a prototype for a system which is simulated by a worm algorithm, we show that not only the charged correlator $<ϕ^{*}(x)ϕ(y)>$, but also more general correlators such as $<|ϕ(x)||ϕ(y)|>$ or $<\text{arg}(ϕ(x))\text{arg}(ϕ(y))>$, as well as condensates like $<|ϕ|>$, can be measured at every step of the Monte Carlo evolution of the worm instead of on closed-worm configurations only. The method generalizes straightforwardly to other systems simulated by worms, such as spin or sigma models.

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