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Rotating Bose-Einstein condensate in an square optical lattice: vortex configuration for ground state in Josephson junction arrays regime

We consider a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate in a square optical lattice in the regime in which the Hamiltonian of the system can be mapped onto a Josephson junction array. In an approximate scheme where the couplings are assumed uniform, the ground state energy is formulated in terms of the vortex configuration. The results are compared with experimental results and also previously reported results for frustrated XY model. We also show that vortex configuration is robust with respect to change of couplings and therefore the results remain valid when we consider more realistic model with non-uniform couplings.