Robustness of negativity of the Wigner function to dissipation

Non-Gaussian quantum states, described by negative valued Wigner functions, are important both for fundamental tests of quantum physics and for emerging quantum information technologies. However, they are vulnerable to dissipation. It is known, that the Wigner functions negativity could exist only if the overall quantum efficiency $η$ of the setup is higher than 1/2. Here we prove that this condition is not only necessary but also a sufficient one: the negativity always persists while this condition is fulfilled. At the same time, in the case of bright (multi-photon) non-Gaussian quantum states, the negativity dependence on $η$ is highly non-linear. With the loss of several photons, it drops by orders of magnitude, hampering its experimental detection.

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