Reproduction Capabilities of Penalized Hyperbolic-polynomial Splines

This paper investigates two important analytical properties of hyperbolic-polynomial penalized splines, HP-splines for short. HP-splines, obtained by combining a special type of difference penalty with hyperbolic-polynomial B-splines (HB-splines), were recently introduced by the authors as a generalization of P-splines. HB-splines are bell-shaped basis functions consisting of segments made of real exponentials $e^{αx},\, e^{-αx}$ and linear functions multiplied by these exponentials, $xe^{+αx}$ and $xe^{-αx}$. Here, we show that these type of penalized splines reproduce function in the space $\{e^{-αx},\ x e^{-αx}\}$, that is they fit exponential data exactly. Moreover, we show that they conserve the first and second 'exponential' moments.

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