Recurrence relations satisfied by the traces of singular moduli for $Γ_0(N)$

We compute the divisor of the modular equation on the modular curve $Γ_0(N) \backslash \mathbb H^*$ and then find recurrence relations satisfied by the modular traces of the Hauptmodul for any congruence subgroup $Γ_0(N)$ of genus zero. We also introduce the notions and properties of $Γ$-equivalence and $Γ$-reduced forms about binary quadratic forms. Using these, we can explicitly compute the recurrence relations for $N = 2, 3, 4, 5$.

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