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Quantum Information Techniques for Quantum Metrology

Quantum metrology is an auspicious discipline of quantum information which is currently witnessing a surge of experimental breakthroughs and theoretical developments. The main goal of quantum metrology is to estimate unknown parameters as accurately as possible. By using quantum resources as probes, it is possible to attain a measurement precision that would be otherwise impossible using the best classical strategies. For example, with respect to the task of phase estimation, the maximum precision (the Heisenberg limit) is a quadratic gain in precision with respect to the best classical strategies. Of course, quantum metrology is not the sole quantum technology currently undergoing advances. The theme of this thesis is exploring how quantum metrology can be enhanced with other quantum techniques when appropriate, namely: graph states, error correction and cryptography.