Probability distribution of Majorana end-state energies in disordered wires

One-dimensional topological superconductors harbor Majorana bound states at their ends. For superconducting wires of finite length L, these Majorana states combine into fermionic excitations with an energy $ε_0$ that is exponentially small in L. Weak disorder leaves the energy splitting exponentially small, but affects its typical value and causes large sample-to-sample fluctuations. We show that the probability distribution of $ε_0$ is log normal in the limit of large L, whereas the distribution of the lowest-lying bulk energy level $ε_1$ has an algebraic tail at small $ε_1$. Our findings have implications for the speed at which a topological quantum computer can be operated.

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