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Probabilistic representation for the solution of the homogeneous Boltzmann equation for Maxwellian molecules

Consider the homogeneous Boltzmann equation for Maxwellian molecules. We provide a new representation for its solution in the form of expectation of a random probability measure M. We also prove that the Fourier transform of M is a conditional characteristic function of a sum of independent random variables, given a suitable sigma-algebra. These facts are then used to prove a CLT for Maxwellian molecules, that is the statement of a necessary and sufficient condition for the weak convergence of the solution of the equation. Such a condition reduces to the finiteness of the second moment of the initial distribution μ_0. As a further application, we give a refinement of some inequalities, due to Elmroth, concerning the evolution of the moments of the solution.