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Precision Flavour Physics and Supersymmetry

We review the salient features of a comparative study of the profile of the CKM unitarity triangle, and the resulting CP-violating phases $α$, $β$ and $γ$ in B decays, in the standard model and in several variants of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), reported recently by us. These theories are characterized by a single phase in the quark flavour mixing matrix and give rise to well-defined contributions in the flavour-changing-neutral-current transitions in K and B decays. We analyse the supersymmetric contributions to the mass differences in the Bd-Bd(bar) and Bs-Bs(bar) systems, $ΔM_d$ and $ΔM_s$, respectively, and to the CP-violating quantity $|epsilon|$ in K decays. Our analysis shows that the predicted ranges of $β$ in the standard model and in MSSM models are very similar. However, precise measurements at B-factories and hadron machines may be able to distinguish these theories in terms of the other two CP-violating phases $α$ and $γ$. (Contribution to the Festschrift for L.B. Okun, to appear in a special issue of Physics Reports, eds. V.L. Telegdi and K. Winter)