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Photovoltaic effect in BiFeO3/TiO2 heterostructures tuned with epitaxial strain and an electric field

The photovoltaic effect in the BiFeO3/TiO2 heterostructures can be tuned by epitaxial strain and an electric field in the visible-light region which is manifested by the enhancement of absorption activity in the heterojunction under tensile strain and an electric field based on the first-principles calculations. It is suggested that there are coupling between photon, spin carrier, charge, orbital, and lattice in the interface of the bilayer film which makes the heterojunction an intriguing candidate towards fabricating the multifunctional photoelectric devices based on spintronics. The microscopic mechanism involved in the heterostruces is related deeply with the spin transfer and charge rearrangement between the Fe 3d and O 2p orbitals in the vicinity of the interface.