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Origin & evolution of the Universe

The aim of this thesis is to question some of the basic assumptions that go into building the $Λ$CDM model of our universe. The assumptions we focus on are the initial conditions of the universe, the fundamental forces in the universe on large scales and the approximations made in analysing cosmological data. For each of the assumptions we outline the theoretical understanding behind them, the current methods used to study them and how they can be improved and finally we also perform numerical analysis to quantify the novel solutions/methods we propose to extend the previous assumptions.