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On the Number of Points of Algebraic Sets over Finite Fields

We determine upper bounds on the number of rational points of an affine or projective algebraic set defined over an extension of a finite field by a system of polynomial equations, including the case where the algebraic set is not defined over the finite field by itself. A special attention is given to irreducible but not absolutely irreducible algebraic sets, which satisfy better bounds. We study the case of complete intersections, for which we give a decomposition, coarser than the decomposition in irreducible components, but more directly related to the polynomials defining the algebraic set. We describe families of algebraic sets having the maximum number of rational points in the affine case, and a large number of points in the projective case. Nous déterminons des majorations du nombre de points d'un ensemble algébrique affine ou projectif, défini sur une extension d'un corps fini par un système d'équations polynomiales, y compris dans le cas où l'ensemble algébrique n'est pas défini sur le corps fini lui-même. Une attention particulière est portée aux ensemble algébriques irréductibles mais non absolument irréductibles, pour lesquels nous obtenons de meilleures bornes. Nous étudions le cas des intersections complètes, pour lesquelles nous construisons une décomposition moins fine que la décomposition en composantes irréductibles, mais plus directement liée aux polynômes qui définissent l'ensemble algébrique. Enfin, nous construisons des familles d'ensembles algébriques atteignant le nombre maximum de points rationnels dans le cas affine, et comportant de nombreux points dans le cas projectifs.

preprint2014arXivOpen access

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