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On the Formulation of the Generic Supersymmetric Standard Model (or Supersymmetry without R parity)

The generic supersymmetric version of the Standard Model would have the minimal list of superfields incorporating the Standard Model particles, and a Lagrangian dictated by the Standard Model gauge symmetries. To be phenomenologically viable, soft supersymmetry breaking terms have to be included. In the most popular version of the supersymmetric Standard Model, an {\it ad hoc} discrete symmetry, called R parity, is added in by hand. While there has been a lot of various kinds of R-parity violation studies in the literature, the complete version of supersymmetry without R parity is not popularly appreciated. In this article, we present a pedagogical review of the formulation of this generic supersymmetric Standard Model and give a detailed discussion on the basic conceptual issues involved. Unfortunately, there are quite some confusing, or even plainly wrong, statements on the issues within the literature of R-parity violations. We aim at clarifying these issues here. We will first discuss our formulation, about which readers are urged to read without bias from previous acquired perspectives on the topic. Based on the formulation, we will then address the various issues . In relation to phenomenology, our review here will not go beyond tree-level mass matrices. But we will give a careful discussion of mass matrices of all the matter fields involved. Useful expressions for perturbative diagonalizations of the mass matrices at the phenomenologically interesting limit of corresponds to small neutrino masses are derived. All these expressions are given in the fully generic setting, with information on complex phases of parameters retained. Such expressions have been shown to be useful in the analyses of various phenomenological features.