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On Solving a Curious Inequality of Ramanujan

Ramanujan proved that the inequality $π(x)^2 < \frac{e x}{\log x} π\Big(\frac{x}{e}\Big)$ holds for all sufficiently large values of $x$. Using an explicit estimate for the error in the prime number theorem, we show unconditionally that it holds if $x \geq \exp(9658)$. Furthermore, we solve the inequality completely on the Riemann Hypothesis, and show that $x=38, 358, 837, 682$ is the largest integer counterexample.