Abstract

A ring RR is called right (small) dual if every (small) right ideal of RR is a right annihilator. Left (small) dual rings can be defined similarly. And a ring RR is called (small) dual if RR is left and right (small) dual. It is proved that RR is a dual ring if and only if RR is a semilocal and small dual ring. Several known results are generalized and properties of small dual rings are explored. As applications, some characterizations of QF rings are obtained through small dualities of rings.

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