Nucleosynthesis constraints on the faint vector portal

New Abelian U(1)' gauge bosons $V_μ$ can couple to the Standard Model through mixing of the associated field strength tensor $V_{μν}$ with the one from hypercharge, $F_{μν}^Y$. Here we consider early Universe sensitivity to this vector portal and show that the effective mixing parameter with the photon, $κ$, is being probed for vector masses in the GeV ballpark down to values $10^{-10} \lesssim κ\lesssim 10^{-14}$ where no terrestrial probes exist. The ensuing constraints are based on a detailed calculation of the vector relic abundance and an in-depth analysis of relevant nucleosynthesis processes.

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