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Nucleon axial charge and pion decay constant from two-flavor lattice QCD

The axial charge of the nucleon $g_A$ and the pion decay constant $f_π$ are computed in two-flavor lattice QCD. The simulations are carried out on lattices of various volumes and lattice spacings. Results are reported for pion masses as low as $m_π=130\,\mbox{MeV}$. Both quantities, $g_A$ and $f_π$, suffer from large finite size effects, which to leading order ChEFT and ChPT turn out to be identical. By considering the naturally renormalized ratio $g_A/f_π$, we observe a universal behavior as a function of decreasing quark mass. From extrapolating the ratio to the physical point, we find $g_A^R=1.29(5)(3)$, using the physical value of $f_π$ as input and $r_0=0.50(1)$ to set the scale. In a subsequent calculation we attempt to extrapolate $g_A$ and $f_π$ separately to the infinite volume. Both volume and quark mass dependencies of $g_A$ and $f_π$ are found to be well decribed by ChEFT and ChPT. We find at the physical point $g_A^R=1.24(4)$ and $f_π^R=89.6(1.1)(1.8)\,\mbox{MeV}$. Both sets of results are in good agreement with experiment. As a by-product we obtain the low-energy constant $\bar{l}_4=4.2(1)$.