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Nuclear lattice model and the electronic configuration of the chemical elements

The fundamental organizing principle resulting in the periodic table is the nuclear charge. Arranging the chemical elements in an increasing atomic number order, a symmetry pattern known as the Periodic Table is detectable. The correlation between nuclear charge and the Periodic System of the Chemical Elements (PSCE) indicates that the symmetry emerges from the nucleus. Nuclear symmetry can only exist if the relative positions of the nucleons in the nucleus are invariant. Pauli exclusion principle can also be interpreted as the nucleons should occupy a lattice position. Based on symmetry and other indicatives face centered cubic arrangement have been proposed for the nuclear lattice. A lattice model, representing the protons and the neutrons by equal spheres and arranging them alternately in a face centered cubic structure forming a double tetrahedron, is able to reproduce all of the properties of the nucleus including the quantum numbers and the periodicity of the elements. Based on the geometry of the nuclear structure it is shown that when a new 'layer' of the nuclear structure starts then the distance between the first proton in the new layer and the charge center of the nucleus is smaller than the distance of the proton, which completed the preceding 'layer'. Thus a new valence electron shell should start to develop when the nuclear structure is expanded. The expansion of the double tetrahedron FCC nuclear lattice model offers a feasible physical explanation how the nucleus affects the electronic configuration of the chemical elements depicted by the periodic table.