NP-Completeness Proofs of Puzzles using the T-Metacell Framework

preprint2026arXivOpen access

Abstract

Pencil puzzles are puzzles that can be solved by writing down solutions on a paper, using only logical reasoning. In this paper, we utilize the "T-metacell" framework developed by Tang and the MIT Hardness Group to prove the NP-completeness of four new pencil puzzles: Grand Tour, Entry Exit, Zahlenschlange, and Yagit. Additionally, the first three are also proven to be ASP-complete. The results demonstrate how versatile the framework is, offering new insights into the computational complexity of problems with various constraints.

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