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Novel two-dimensional materials for electronics: computational modelling as a tool to enable the use of phosphorene in real applications

Two-dimensional and layered materials, such as graphene, have emerged in recent years for their potential use in several applications in technology, for example in electronics, bioelectronics, optoelectronics and related fields. Phosphorene, which can be considered as an analogous of graphene made of phosphorus atoms, is a relatively new two-dimensional system with peculiar structural, electronic, and mechanical properties. Despite the remarkable potential for applications, phosphorene suffers from severe limitations, hampering its use in practical uses. For example, phosphorene undergoes severe degradation phenomena in ordinary environments, leading to a very limited stability. Phosphorene is therefore very difficult to handle in real applications. In this paper, we briefly outline the concepts behind the application of predictive computational approaches to complex systems based on phosphorene, leading to the definition of practical strategies that can be applied to the development of stable, high-performance devices for electronics.