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Nonlinear properties of split-ring resonators

In this letter, the properties of split-ring resonators (SRRs) loaded with high-Q capacitors and nonlinear varactors are theoretically analyzed and experimentally measured. We demonstrate that the resonance frequency $f_m$ of the nonlinear SRRs can be tuned by increasing the incident power. $f_m$ moves to lower and higher frequencies for the SRR loaded with one varactor and two back-to-back varactors, respectively. For high incident powers, we observe bistable tunable metamaterials and hysteresis effects. Moreover, the coupling between two nonlinear SRRs is also discussed.