Abstract
In a recent experiment, Hirjibehedin {\it et al.} [Science {\bf 317}, 1199 (2007)] performed inelastic tunneling spectroscopy of a single iron atom absorbed on a nonmagnetic substrate. The observed steps in the differential conductance marked the spin excitation energies. In this Letter, we explain observed nonmonotonicities in the differential conductance by a nonequilibrium population of the atom spin states. Furthermore, we predict super-Poissonian current noise due to this nonequilibrium situation. By introducing an anisotropic relaxation channel we are also able to explain the remarkable absence of nonequilibrium features at certain conductance steps.
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