Paper detail

New two-sided bound on the isotropic Lorentz-violating parameter of modified Maxwell theory

There is a unique Lorentz-violating modification of the Maxwell theory of photons, which maintains gauge invariance, CPT, and renormalizability. Restricting the modified-Maxwell theory to the isotropic sector and adding a standard spin-one-half Dirac particle p^\pm with minimal coupling to the nonstandard photon \widetildeγ, the resulting modified-quantum-electrodynamics model involves a single dimensionless "deformation parameter," \widetildeκ_{tr}. The exact tree-level decay rates for two processes have been calculated: vacuum Cherenkov radiation p^\pm \to p^\pm \widetildeγ for the case of positive \widetildeκ_{tr} and photon decay \widetildeγ \to p^+ p^- for the case of negative \widetildeκ_{tr}. From the inferred absence of these decays for a particular high-quality ultrahigh-energy-cosmic-ray event detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory and an excess of TeV gamma-ray events observed by the High Energy Stereoscopic System telescopes, a two-sided bound on \widetildeκ_{tr} is obtained, which improves by eight orders of magnitude upon the best direct laboratory bound. The implications of this result are briefly discussed.