New definite integrals and a two-term dilogarithm identity

preprint2011arXivOpen access

Abstract

Among the several proofs known for ∑n=1∞1/n2=π2/6\sum_{n=1}^\infty{1/n^2} = {π^2/6}, the one by Beukers, Calabi, and Kolk involves the evaluation of  ∫01∫011/(1−x2y2) dx dy\,\int_0^1 {\int_0^1{1/(1-x^2 y^2) \, dx} \, dy}. It starts by showing that this double integral is equivalent to 34∑n=1∞1/n2\frac34 \sum_{n=1}^\infty{1/n^2}, and then a non-trivial \emph{trigonometric} change of variables is applied which transforms that integral into  ∫∫T 1  du dv\,{\int \int}_T \: 1 \; du \, dv, where TT is a triangular domain whose area is simply π2/8{π^2/8}. Here in this note, I introduce a hyperbolic version of this change of variables and, by applying it to the above integral, I find exact closed-form expressions for ∫0∞[sinh⁡−1(cosh⁡u)−u]du\int_0^\infty{[\sinh^{-1}{(\cosh{u})}-u] d u},  ∫α∞[u−cosh⁡−1(sinh⁡u)]du\,\int_α^\infty{[u-\cosh^{-1}{(\sinh{u})}] d u}, and  ∫ α/2∞ln⁡(tanh⁡u) du\,\int_{\,α/2}^\infty{\ln{(\tanh{u})} \: d u}, where α=sinh⁡−1(1)α= \sinh^{-1}(1). From the latter integral, I also derive a two-term dilogarithm identity.

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