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Negative Temperature States in the Discrete Nonlinear Schroedinger Equation

We explore the statistical behavior of the discrete nonlinear Schroedinger equation. We find a parameter region where the system evolves towards a state characterized by a finite density of breathers and a negative temperature. Such a state is metastable but the convergence to equilibrium occurs on astronomical time scales and becomes increasingly slower as a result of a coarsening processes. Stationary negative-temperature states can be experimentally generated via boundary dissipation or from free expansions of wave packets initially at positive temperature equilibrium.

preprint2012arXivOpen access
S. IubiniR. FranzosiR. LiviG. -L. OppoA. Politi
nlin.PScond-mat.quant-gas
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Open access5 authors2 topics
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S. IubiniR. FranzosiR. LiviG. -L. OppoA. Politi

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