Multidimensional Phase Recovery and Interpolative Decomposition Butterfly Factorization

This paper focuses on the fast evaluation of the matvec $g=Kf$ for $K\in \mathbb{C}^{N\times N}$, which is the discretization of a multidimensional oscillatory integral transform $g(x) = \int K(x,ξ) f(ξ)dξ$ with a kernel function $K(x,ξ)=e^{2\piıΦ(x,ξ)}$, where $Φ(x,ξ)$ is a piecewise smooth phase function with $x$ and $ξ$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$ for $d=2$ or $3$. A new framework is introduced to compute $Kf$ with $O(N\log N)$ time and memory complexity in the case that only indirect access to the phase function $Φ$ is available. This framework consists of two main steps: 1) an $O(N\log N)$ algorithm for recovering the multidimensional phase function $Φ$ from indirect access is proposed; 2) a multidimensional interpolative decomposition butterfly factorization (MIDBF) is designed to evaluate the matvec $Kf$ with an $O(N\log N)$ complexity once $Φ$ is available. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.

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