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Minimal Immunogenic Epitopes Have Nine Amino Acids

To be cost-effective, biomedical proteins must be optimized with regard to many factors. Road maps are customary for large-scale projects, and here descriptive methods based on bioinformatic fractal thermodynamic scales are tested against an important example, HPV vaccine. Older scales from before 2000 are found to yield inconclusive results, but modern bioinformatic scales are amazingly accurate, with a high level of internal consistency, and little ambiguity.