Microscopic prediction of skyrmion lattice state in clean interface superconductors

When an in-plane field is applied to a clean interface superconductor, a Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO)-like phase is stabilized. This phase has a $\mathrm{U}(1)\times\mathrm{U}(1)$ symmetry and, in principle, this symmetry allows for flux carrying topological excitations different from Abrikosov vortices (which are the simplest defects associated with $S^1 \to S^1$ maps). However, in practice, largely due to electromagnetic and other intercomponent interactions, such topological excitations are very rare in superconducting systems. Here we demonstrate that a realistic microscopic theory for interface superconductors, such as SrTiO$_3$/LaAlO$_3$, predicts an unconventional magnetic response where the flux-carrying objects are skyrmions, characterized by homotopy invariants of $S^2 \to S^2$ maps. Additionally, we show that this microscopic theory predicts that stable fractional vortices form near the boundary of these superconductors. It also predicts the appearance of type-1.5 superconductivity for some range of parameters. Central to these results is the assumption that the Rashba spin orbit coupling is much larger than the superconducting gap.

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