Paper detail

Memory effect and BMS symmetries for extreme black holes

We study horizon shells and soldering freedom for extreme black holes and how supertranslation-like Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) symmetries appear as soldering transformations. Further, for a null shell placed infinitesimally close to the horizon of an extreme Reissner-Nordstr$\ddot{o}$m (RN) black hole, we show superrotation-like symmetries also arise as soldering freedom. Next, considering the interaction of impulsive gravitational waves supported at the horizon shell with test particles, we study how the "memory" (or the imprints) of BMS-like symmetries gets encoded in the geodesics (test particles) crossing the shell. Our study shows, timelike test particles get displaced from their initial plane when they cross the horizon shell. For a null geodesic congruence crossing the horizon shell, the optical tensors corresponding to the congruence suffer jumps. In both the cases, the changes are induced by BMS parameters that constitute the gravity wave and matter degrees of freedom of the shell.