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Mechanism of Universal Conductance Fluctuations

Universal conductance fluctuations are usually observed in the form of aperiodic oscillations in the magnetoresistance of thin wires as a function of the magnetic field B. If such oscillations are completely random at scales exceeding ξ_B, their Fourier analysis should reveal a white noise spectrum at frequencies below ξ_B^{-1}. Comparison with the results for 1D systems suggests another scenario: according to it, such oscillations are due to the superposition of incommensurate harmonics and their spectrum should contain discrete frequencies. An accurate Fourier analysis of the classical experiment by Washburn and Webb reveals a purely discrete spectrum in agreement with the latter scenario. However, this spectrum is close in shape to the discrete white noise spectrum whose properties are similar to a continuous one.