Paper detail

Maximizing the hyperpolarizability of 1D potentials with multiple electrons

We optimize the first and second intrinsic hyperpolarizabilities for a 1D piecewise linear potential dressed with Dirac delta functions for $N$ non-interacting electrons. The optimized values fall rapidly for $N>1$, but approach constant values of $β_{int}=0.40$, $γ_{int}^{+}=0.16$ and $γ_{int}^{-}=-0.061$ above $N\gtrsim8$. These apparent bounds are achieved with only 2 parameters with more general potentials achieving no better value. In contrast to previous studies, analysis of the hessian matrices of $β_{int}$ and $γ_{int}$ taken with respect to these parameters shows that the eigenvectors are well aligned with the basis vectors of the parameter space, indicating that the parametrization was well-chosen. The physical significance of the important parameters is also discussed.