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Lyman break galaxy close and interacting pairs at z ~ 3

To date, the identification of interactions at z ~ 3 and above has relied on morphological analysis. Here, we present five serendipitous spectroscopic z ~ 3 Lyman break galaxy (LBG) pairs with projected proper separations < 15 h^-1 kpc in our survey of nine separate Keck fields. The data consist of 140 of our highest signal-to-noise ratio LBG spectra and ~500 of our most confident colour-selected LBGs. We show that the pairs are composed of two distinct close and/or interacting LBGs from a detailed analysis of the rest-frame ultraviolet spectra and images. In addition, we show that the pair number and separation distribution is expected from (1) the angular correlation function when applied to our survey and ~2500 colour-selected LBGs from the literature and (2) an analysis of a carefully matched high-resolution hybrid numerical and analytical cosmological simulation. Because the spectroscopic slitlets have random orientations with respect to the close pairs on the sky, the serendipitous pairs provide an unbiased sampling of the underlying close pair fraction. Finally, we discover two Ly-a emitters (LAEs) in our slitlets and find that they reside within 50 projected h^-1 kpc of LBGs. In this work, we uncover a strong relationship between Ly-a emission and pair separation. All confirmed and all candidate LBG pairs with separations of < 15 projected h^-1 kpc exhibit Ly-a in emission and we find an overabundance of Ly-a emission in pairs with < 50 projected h^-1 kpc separations. This relationship suggests a picture in which a measurable fraction of the Ly-a emission of LBGs, and potentially LAEs, is generated via interaction mechanisms. As a result, serendipitous spectroscopic close pairs provide a unique means to help identify and study high-redshift galaxy interactions using conventional ground-based optical data.