Low-lying zeros in families of holomorphic cusp forms: the weight aspect

We study low-lying zeros of $L$-functions attached to holomorphic cusp forms of level $1$ and large weight. In this family, the Katz--Sarnak heuristic with orthogonal symmetry type was established in the work of Iwaniec, Luo and Sarnak for test functions $ϕ$ satisfying the condition supp$(\widehat ϕ) \subset(-2,2)$. We refine their density result by uncovering lower-order terms that exhibit a sharp transition when the support of $\widehat ϕ$ reaches the point $1$. In particular the first of these terms involves the quantity $\widehat ϕ(1)$ which appeared in previous work of Fouvry--Iwaniec and Rudnick in symplectic families. Our approach involves a careful analysis of the Petersson formula and circumvents the assumption of GRH for $\text{GL}(2)$ automorphic $L$-functions. Finally, when supp$(\widehat ϕ)\subset (-1,1)$ we obtain an unconditional estimate which is significantly more precise than the prediction of the $L$-functions Ratios Conjecture.

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