Long-time memory in non-Markovian evolutions

If the dynamics of an open quantum systems is non-Markovian, its {asymptotic} state strongly depends on the initial conditions, even if the dynamics possesses an {invariant} state. This is the very essence of memory effects. In particular, the {asymptotic} state can remember and partially preserve its initial entanglement. Interestingly, even if the non-Markovian evolution relaxes to an equilibrium state, this state needs not be invariant. Therefore, the non-invariance of equilibrium becomes a clear sign of non-Markovianity.

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