Local limit of sparse random planar graphs

preprint2021arXivOpen access

Abstract

Let P(n,m)P(n,m) be a graph chosen uniformly at random from the class of all planar graphs on vertex set {1,…,n}\left\{1, \ldots, n\right\} with m=m(n)m=m(n) edges. We determine the (Benjamini-Schramm) local weak limit of P(n,m)P(n,m) in the sparse regime when m≤n+o(n(log⁡n)−2/3)m\leq n+o\left(n\left(\log n\right)^{-2/3}\right). Assuming that the average degree 2m/n2m/n tends to a constant c∈[0,2]c\in[0,2] the local weak limit of P(n,m)P(n,m) is a Galton-Watson tree with offspring distribution Po(c)Po(c) if c≤1c\leq 1, while it is the Skeleton tree if c=2c=2. Furthermore, there is a smooth transition between these two cases in the sense that the local weak limit of P(n,m)P(n,m) is a linear combination of a Galton-Watson tree and the Skeleton tree if c∈(1,2)c\in\left(1,2\right).

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