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Investigation of Dual Active Nuclei, Outflows, Shock-Heated Gas, and Young Star Clusters in Markarian 266

Results of observations with the Spitzer, Hubble, GALEX, Chandra, and XMM-Newton space telescopes are presented for the Luminous Infrared Galaxy (LIRG) merger Mrk 266. The SW (Seyfert 2) and NE (LINER) nuclei reside in galaxies with Hubble types SBb (pec) and S0/a (pec), respectively. Both galaxies have L > L*, and they are inferred to each contain a ~2.5x10^8 M_sun black hole. Mrk 266 SW is likely the primary source of a bright Fe K-alpha line detected from the system, consistent with the reflection-dominated X-ray spectrum of a heavily obscured AGN. Optical knots embedded in an arc with aligned radio continuum radiation, combined with luminous H_2 line emission, provide evidence for a radiative bow shock in an AGN-driven outflow surrounding the NE nucleus. Soft X-ray emission modeled as shock-heated plasma is co-spatial with radio continuum emission between the galaxies. Mid-IR diagnostics indicate roughly equal contributions of AGN and starburst radiation powering the bolometric luminosity. Approximately 120 star clusters have been detected, with most having estimated ages < 50 Myr. Detection of 24 micron emission extending ~34 arcsec (20 kpc) north of the galaxies is interpreted as ~2x10^7 M_sun of dust entrained in an outflowing superwind; at optical wavelengths this region is resolved into a fragmented morphology indicative of Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities in an expanding shell of ionized gas. Mrk 266 demonstrates that the dust "blow-out" phase can begin in a LIRG well before the galaxies fully coalesce during a subsequent ULIRG phase, and rapid gas consumption in luminous dual AGNs (kpc scale separations) early in the merger process may explain the paucity of detected binary QSOs (sub-pc scale orbits) in large surveys. An evolutionary sequence is proposed representing a progression from dual to binary AGNs, accompanied by an increase in observed L_x/L_ir ratios by 10^4 or more.