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Initial-boundary value problems for linear diffusion equation with multiple time-fractional derivatives

In this paper, we discuss initial-boundary value problems for linear diffusion equation with multiple time-fractional derivatives. By means of the Mittag-Leffler function and the eigenfunction expansion, we reduce the problem to an integral equation for a solution, and we apply the fixed-point theorem to prove the unique existence and the Hölder regularity of solution. For the case of the homogeneous equation, the solution can be analytically extended to a sector $\{z\in\mathbb{C};z\neq0,|\arg z|<\fracπ{2}\}$. In the case where all the coefficients of the time-fractional derivatives are positive constants, by the Laplace transform and the analyticity, we can prove that if a function satisfies the fractional diffusion equation and the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition on arbitrary subboundary as well as the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition on the whole boundary, then it vanishes identically.