Indiscernible Sequences for Extenders, and the Singular Cardinal Hypothesis

We prove several results giving lower bounds for the large cardinal strength of a failure of the singular cardinal hypothesis. The main result is the following theorem: Theorem: Suppose $κ$ is a singular strong limit cardinal and $2^κ>= λ$ where $λ$ is not the successor of a cardinal of cofinality at most $κ$. (i) If $\cofinality(κ)>\gw$ then $o(κ)\geλ$. (ii) If $\cofinality(κ)=\gw$ then either $o(κ)\geλ$ or $\set{\ga:K\sat o(\ga)\ge\ga^{+n}}$ is cofinal in $κ$ for each $n\in\gw$. In order to prove this theorem we give a detailed analysis of the sequences of indiscernibles which come from applying the covering lemma to nonoverlapping sequences of extenders.

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