Improving noise threshold for optical quantum computing with the EPR photon source

We show that the noise threshold for optical quantum computing can be significantly improved by using the EPR-type of photon source. In this implementation, the detector efficiency $η_{d}$ is required to be larger than 50%, and the source efficiency $η_{s}$ can be an arbitrarily small positive number. This threshold compares favorably with the implementation using the single-photon source, where one requires the combined efficiency $η_{d}η_{s}>2/3$. We discuss several physical setups for realization of the required EPR photon source, including the photon emitter from a single-atom cavity.

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