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Higher-order Time-Symmetry-Breaking Phase Transition due to meeting of an Exceptional Point and Fano Resonance

We have theoretically investigated the time-symmetry breaking phase transition process for two discrete states coupled with a one-dimensional continuum by solving the nonlinear eigenvalue prob- lem for the effective Hamiltonian associated with the discrete spectrum. We obtain the effective Hamiltonian with use of the Feshbach-Brillouin-Wigner projection method. Strong energy depen- dence of the self-energy appearing in the effective Hamiltonian plays a key role in the time-symmetry breaking phase transition: as a result of competition in the decay process between the Van Hove singularity and the Fano resonance, the phase transition becomes a higher-order transition when both the two discrete states are located near the continuum threshold.