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High Precision Astrometry with Adaptive Optics aided Imaging

More than 450 exoplanets are known and this number increases nearly every day. Only a few constraints on their orbital parameters and physical characteristics can be determined, as most exoplanets are detected indirectly. Measuring the astrometric signal of a planet by measuring the wobble of the host star yields the full set of orbital parameters. With this information the true masses of the planet candidates can be determined, making it possible to establish the candidates as real planets, brown dwarfs (BD) or low mass stars. In the context of this thesis, an M-dwarf with a BD candidate companion, discovered by radial velocity measurements, was observed within a monitoring program to detect the astrometric signal. Ground based adaptive optics aided imaging with ESO/NACO was used to establish its true nature (BD vs. star) and to investigate the prospects of this technique for exoplanet detection. The astrometric corrections necessary to perform high precision astrometry are described and their contribution to the overall precision is investigated. Due to large uncertainties in the pixel-scale and the orientation of the detector, no detection of the astrometric orbit signal was possible. The image quality of ground-based telescopes is limited by the turbulence in Earth's atmosphere. The induced distortions of the light can be measured and corrected with the adaptive optics technique. However, the correction is only useful within a small angle around the guide star. The novel correction technique of multi conjugated adaptive optics uses several guide stars to correct a larger field of view. The VLT/MAD instrument was built to demonstrate this technique. Observations with MAD are analyzed in terms of astrometric precision in this work. Two sets of data are compared, which were obtained in different correction modes: pure ground layer correction and full multi conjugated correction.