Paper detail

Gradual Magnetic Evolution of Sunspot Structure and Filament-Corona Dynamics Associated with the X1.8 Flare in AR 11283

In this paper, we present a study on persistent and gradual penumbral decay and correlated decline of the photospheric transverse field component during 10-20 hours before a major flare (X1.8) eruption on 2011 September 7. This long-term pre-eruption behavior is corroborated with the well-imaged pre-flare filament rising, the consistent expansion of coronal arcades overlying the filament, as well as the NLFFF modelling results in the literature. We suggest that both the long-term pre-flare penumbral decay and the transverse field decline are the photospheric manifestation of the gradual rise of the coronal filament-flux rope system. We also suggest that a C3 flare and subsequent reconnection process preceding the X1.8 flare play an important role in triggering the later major eruption.