Abstract
The geodesic deviation equation has been investigated in the framework of gravity, where denotes the torsion and is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor, respectively. The FRW metric is assumed and the geodesic deviation equation has been established following the General Relativity approach in the first hand and secondly, by a direct method using the modified Friedmann equations. Via fundamental observers and null vector fields with FRW background, we have generalized the Raychaudhuri equation and the Mattig relation in gravity. Furthermore, we have numerically solved the geodesic deviation equation for null vector fields by considering a particular form of which induces interesting results susceptible to be tested with observational data.
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