Genus-five hyperelliptic or trigonal curves with many rational points in characteristic three

The number $N_9(5)$, the maximal number of $\mathbb{F}_9$-rational points on curves over $\mathbb{F}_9$ of genus $5$ is unknown, but it is known that $32 \le N_9(5)\le 35$. In this paper, we enumerate hyperelliptic curves and trigonal curves over $\mathbb{F}_3$ which have many $\mathbb{F}_9$-rational points (and $\mathbb{F}_3$-rational points), especially the maximal number of $\mathbb{F}_9$-rational points of those curves is $30$. Kudo-Harashita studied the nonhyperelliptic and nontrigonal case,where they found a new example of curves (over $\mathbb{F}_3$) of genus five which attains $32$ and proved that there is no example attaining more than $32$, among sextic plane curves with mild singularities. We conclude from the main results in this paper that we need to search sextic models (i.e., nonhyperelliptic and nontrigonal) with bad singularities, in order to find a genus-five curve over $\mathbb{F}_3$ with at least $33$ $\mathbb{F}_9$-rational points.

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