Generation of entangled photon-pairs from a single quantum dot embedded in a planar photonic-crystal cavity

We present a formal theory of single quantum-dot coupling to a planar photonic crystal that supports quasi-degenerate cavity modes, and use this theory to describe, and optimize, entangled-photon-pair generation via the biexciton-exciton cascade. In the generated photon pairs, either both photons are spontaneously emitted from the dot, or one photon is emitted from the biexciton spontaneously and the other is emitted via the leaky-cavity mode. In the strong-coupling regime, the generated photon pairs can be maximally entangled, in qualitative agreement with the simple dressed-state predictions of Johne {\em et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. vol. 100, 240404 (2008)]. We derive useful and physically-intuitive analytical formulas for the spectrum of the emitted photon pairs in the presence of exciton and biexciton broadening, which is necessary to connect to experiments, and demonstrate the clear failure of using a dressed-state approach. We also present a method for calculating and optimizing the entanglement between the emitted photons, which can account for post-sample spectral filtering. Pronounced entanglement values of greater than 80% are demonstrated using experimentally achievable parameters, even without spectral filtering.

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